C C T B H P N

Lecture #10 - Substitution Principle

Run-time flexibility

Web Resources:

CppCon - 2014, Going Native 2013
Herb Sutter's Blog, Herb Sutter on C++11, Herb Sutter keynote - Going Native 2012
Scott Meyer's Blog, S.M. on thread suspension, S.M.: C++11 Sampler
Stroustrup's Home Page
Code Project, Boost Library
Excellent C++ Q&A, Excellent reference - CppReference.com, CPlusPlus.com, C++ TechLinks

Content:

This lecture covers the Liskov Substitution Principle and its powerful applications in design. Polymorphism follows directly from Liskov Substitutability and helps us build loosely coupled systems.
  1. Syllabus
    Describes topics to be covered, reading material for you to digest before coming to class, and due dates for the assigned projects.
  2. Readings for this Lecture:

    Class Text, CPPP:
    • review Chapter 7 - Classes
    • read carefully Chapter 15 - Object Oriented Programming
  3. Projects:

    Resources for Project #2: - Source code publisher for projects
    Project #2 statement, Project2HelpS2019
    OODProject2Helper adds show/hide capability to the demo output. I've put an updated version of the Parser in the Project2HelpS2019 folder. It fixes a bug I spotted in the AST display. I've wanted to update the tokenizer to a State-Based model, like we used in CSE681 - Software Modeling and Analysis, Fall 2018. That turned out to be a bit more work than I expected, but the results seem solid, and I recommend its use for Project #2. You will find the Parser Blog helpful for Project #2. C++ Survival Guide, doc
    Visual Studio help notes, Code Analyzer
    Project Submissions

    Current Versions of Code:

    If you go to other folders in the college server you are very likely to download out-of-date code, usually correct, but won't compile with demonstration code that uses newer features.
    Policy for due date extensions - only for certified illness and work or interview trips out of town:
    one week extension, with proof. Only one extension per project.
  4. Design for flexibility - templates and inheritance

  5. Several aspects of Inheritance

    Using Inheritance, ppt
    Discusses several distinct design uses for inheritance.
    The Command Pattern is an interesting application of inheritance:
    Virtual Function Pointer Table structure
    Diagram shows how polymorphism works.
    Run-Time Type Information (RTTI), ppt
    Class Layout demo
    Shows that each object of a polymorphic class (one with virtual functions) contains a pointer to the class VfPtrTable. Also shows that composed objects are contained by the composer, and base objects are contained by the derived class.
  6. Errors using Polymorphism

    hiding
    Illustrates errors caused by inappropriate overloading and use of default parameters.
    importance of virtual destructors
    Demonstrates problems caused by omission of virtual destructors.
    Avoiding the Dark Corners
  7. Vectors of Polymorphic Objects - Example Project, Structure
    Shows how to use heterogeneous objects in an STL container.
  8. Parser - a design example

    Parser Package diagram, Parsing Blog
    Illustrates segregation into application specific and reusable parts. Also illustrates isolation of code from its clients by using an interface and an object factory. Tokenizer class diagram
    Shows how a complex design can be decomposed into smaller managable parts. This design has some circular dependencies - required by the need to communicate state information between parts. The details of the Toker implementation show how to manage those. Parser code folder
    This code is the same as Project2Starter in the Project2HelpS19 folder.
  9. First Law of OOD

    Liskov Substitution Principle, pptx
    This is a fundamental OOD principle, with some surprising subtleties when using C++ (see example project below).
    Non-Virtual Interface Principle - a code example: see comments for explaination
    Liskov Substitutibility does not demand public virtual functions.
    Heterogeneous List - polymorphism without a common base class, Heterogeneous List Structure
    Unusual use of Liskov Substitution
  10. Functions, Function Objects, and Lambdas:
    Simple Demo of Callable Objects, More Examples of callable objects
    I've been asked about hash functions for the STL hashed containers. I found this good reference: STL Hash Functions
  11. Software Design Blog Entries:
  12. Software design presentations: There is no receipe for good design - it's a creative process that usually strives to balance a number of competing factors. Our goals are to build programs and software systems that are elegant and simple, make their intents clear, and make them fast and reliable. The presentations below provide guidance to help move us toward those goals.
    Software Design Goals, ppt
    Design Goals and Attributes - used to measure designs. Design Strategies, pptx
    Discusses styles of design and binding. Design Guidelines, pptx
    Small principles and useful techniques Design Issues, pptx
    Practical issues and problems of design and implementation
  13. These are the most important items from today's lecture:

    hiding
    Illustrates errors caused by inappropriate overloading and use of default parameters.
    importance of virtual destructors
    Demonstrates problems caused by omission of virtual destructors.
    Avoiding the Dark Corners
    Non-Virtual Interface Principle - a code example: see comments for explaination
    Liskov Substitutibility does not demand public virtual functions.

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