Lecture #27 - Template Metaprogramming

Web Resources:

Content:

1. Syllabus
   Describes topics to be covered, reading material for you to digest before coming to class, and due dates for the assigned projects.

2. Project #3 Grades

   Project #3 Grades Chart

3. Projects:

   Project #3 - Code Publisher Client Project3HelpS2019 - includes:
   Client-Channel-Server Diagram
   Diagram showing use ofC++\CLI translater between WPF (C#) GUI and C++ Comm Channel. Prototype GUI for Project #3
   Demonstrating Requirements with a GUI
   The projects, below, are intended to help with Project #4. They are included so we can peek ahead to see where we need to go with Project #4. Project4Help WPF
   Illustrates techniques used for WPF to use Comm via C++\CLI. Prototype GUI for Project #3
   Uses C++\CLI translator to interoperate with C++ Comm to navigate a remote directory tree.
   Project #4 - Remote Code Page Management Project4HelpS2019 - includes: Client-Channel-Server Diagram
   Diagram showing use ofC++\CLI translater between WPF (C#) GUI and C++ Comm Channel. Interop Help Demo class diagram, Interop Help Demo code
   Shows how to implement interoperation between C# and C++ as simply as practical. Creating C++\CLI Projects, pptx
   Mock Channel block diagram, Mock Channel
   Illustrates how to use .Net threads in a managed layer and C++ threads in a native layer. Communication Channel Structure
   Diagrams that show how asynchronous message passing communication works. Communication Channel Class Diagram
   Class diagram of our protype communication channel. Communication Channel Activities
   Activity diagram showing message flow through the communcation channel. CppCommWithFileXfer - Communication Channel Code
   Here's code you can use to implement message-passing communication. Project4HelpWPF code demo
   A getting-started GUI prototype that shows one way to build a client for Project #4. C++ Repository with WPF GUI - code demo
   This demo illustrates use of User Controls as well as remote directory navigation.

4. Preliminaries:

   Program Scope and global data
   Scope inclusion rules

   Programming Languages, vsdx
   History of imperative, functional, and scripting langugages.

5. Template Metaprogramming

   Template metaprogramming is the process of writing code for its compile-time effects in addition to its run-time behavior. Template metaprograms run at compile-time to produce often interesting template functions and classes. We will look at some examples today. Template metaprograms are often written for one of these reasons:
   • perform computation at compile-time instead of during execution.
   • introduce functionality that could not be achieved by run-time programs alone.
   • provide useful constructs for other (meta)programs, e.g., building metaprogramming tools.
   Template Metaprogramming

   Template Preliminaries:

   Template Members
   Typename qualifier
   Non-Template Template Parameter
   Template Template Parameter
   Partial Template Specialization
   Motivation for Partial Template Specialization
   

   The beginnings:

   Curiously Recurring Template Pattern (CRTP)
   Invoker - almost a delegate
   Test Types
   Coming soon: optional<T>

   What Template Metaprogramming can do:

   Binary Conversion at compile time
   compile time functions
   compile time loops
   compile time selection
   compile time switch case
   compile time type lists
   compile time lists improved
   

   Variadic Templates Variatic templates produce functions that can take an unspecified finite number of arguments and template classes that accept an unspecified finite number of template arguments. These demo programs try to show why that could be useful.

6. Where do we go from here?

   How do you continue to strengthen your design and programming skills, and specifically, your C++ skills?
   • Pick a project, create your own design, and try to write good code. Criticize your implementation. Repeat.
     • Pick a project: CSE687 Projects, Summer Projects, Distributed Objects Projects, github.com/topics/cpp
     • Create your own design: Make a list of required tasks - each task is a candidate package.
       Draw a package diagram, thinking about single responsibility principle, communication, computational flow.
       Rough in classes with perhaps many stub methods. Visual Studio is a great tool for that.
     • Try to write good code for its implementation: Fill in the details, testing as you go (write test stubs).
       When much of the functionality is in place, build a test harness and use to make sure that things work as you intend. You will find an example single-user test harness in Handouts/Repository/Cpp/FileSystem-Windows. Make sure you run the FileSystemDemo project - that uses a test stub for testing. Then run the TestFileSystem project to see what a test harness does. That project code has a reusable test harness framework that is small and simple - so easy to use in many of your projects.
     • Criticize your implementation: Run the code analyzer on your project. You will find that in Handouts/Repository/Cpp/CodeAnalyzer.
       Refactor oversize and overcomplex methods.
       Ask yourself if all the methods are small, simple, easy to understand, and easy to test.
       Are you happy with the structure: you have some reusable packages.
       The solution structure is as simple as you think it can be.
       Each package has a single responsibility. Have you factored out utilities?
       Have you made small utilities header only?
       Have you built most of the packages as static libraries?
     • Repeat!
   • Look at past Midterm Exam Solutions: MT1-S19, MT2-S19, MT-S19 Code
     MT1-F18, MT2-F18, MT-F18 Code
     MT1-S18, MT2-S18, MT3-S18, MT4-S18, MT-S18 Code All Midterms
   • Look at good conference videos: CppCon 2018, CppCon 2017, CppCon 2016, CppCon 2015, CppCon 2014 Going Native 2013, Going Native 2012 C++Now 2018, C++Now 2017, C++Now 2016 Herb Sutter - Channel 9, Andrei Alexandrescu - Channel 9, Scott Meyers - Channel 9, Bjarne Stroustrup Channel 9 - all shows John Ousterhout: "A philosophy of software Design"
     Talks at Google
   • Look at good blogs and websites: cppreference.com
     C++ Core Guidelines
     C++ FAQ
     Google C++ Style Guide Fluent C++
     Sutter's Mill
     Andrei Alexandrescu's website
     Bjarne Stroustrup's website
     Marius Bancila's Blog
     Irrational Exuberance!
     Fawcett's Blog C++ Standard - now C++17
   • Look at good books: C++ Coding Standards
     Modern C++ Design
     Effective Modern C++
     The Modern C++ Challenge
     A Philosophy of Software Design

7. C++11 - The current standard is C++17 - C++11 embodies the biggest changes:

   C++ Reference - includes C++11, 14, and 17

   What is C++11?
   A guide to Lambdas
   Local, anonymous function definition
   Move semantics and rvalue references
   Pass by value and return by value doesn't need to make copies
   make_shared
   Don't need delete if you use make_shared smart pointer.
   Type Inference
   Type declaration using auto that adopts the type of an expression result.
   Range-based for loops
   C++11 Thread support
   std::Thread documentation.
   C++ 11 std::async
   Clean semantics for calling a function asynchronously.

8. C++11 - Code Examples and Tutorial Videos and Discussions:
   Bartosz Milewski's Videos
   Fun with Functions
   C++11 Concurrency
   C++11 in VS 2010
   rvalues and move semantics
   decltype
9. More C++11 Videos and Blogs:
   Herb Sutter on C++11
   Outstanding presentation on the things you can do better with C++11.

   C++ and Beyond
   Herb Sutter's talk on lambdas
   Herb Sutter's C++ and Beyond 2011 talk
   Herb Sutter's Effective Concurrency series
   Herb Sutter on Concurrency

   Herb Sutter's talk at PDC05 - skip the animations install
   This is an outstanding discussion of new features planned for C++ wrapped in an amazing discussion of concurrency.
   Slides from Herb Sutter's talk at PDC05

10. Advanced C++ Texts

    Class Text - C++ Programming Language (Stroustrup), Fourth Edition - Study the parts you haven't mastered.
    Class Text - C++ Standard Library (Josuittis), Second Edition - lots of good examples.
    The Design and Evolution of C++ - Stroustrup
    C++ Coding Standards - Andre Alexandrescue, Herb Sutter
    Exceptional C++ - Herb Sutter
    Effective C++ - Scott Meyers
    Effective STL - Scott Meyers
    Modern C++ Design - Andre Alexandrescue (parts are difficult)
    C++ Common Knowledge - Dewhurst
    Implementation Patterns - Kent Beck (not C++ specific)
    

11. Common C++ Problems, pptx
12. Fragile Designs, pptx
13. UML Notation Revisited pptx

14. Go Programming Language:

    Code Folder
    hello.go
    echo.go
    variables.go
    composites.go
    Controls.go
    functions.go
    types.go
    interfaces.go
    testPkg.go
    utils.go
    

15. Thinking about Software Design:

    Software Design Blog
    Summary of fundamental ideas. Object Oriented Design Blog
    Essential features of Object Oriented Design. Software Design Principles
    SRP, LSP, OCP, DIP, and ISP Software Design, ppt
    Broad survey of ideas with examples Design Strategies, pptx
    Summarizes design issues for modules and classes. Design Guidelines, pptx
    Design rules and idioms that transcend Object Oriented Design.