// B2.7.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
// Given the code fragments below, where the ellipsis (…) represents 
// code that has not been disclosed to you:
//
// class X { … };  class Y { public: explicit Y(const X& x); … }; 
//
// what can you say about the compilation and execution of each of 
// the following statements?  Describe each of the operations that 
// occur as this code executes.
//
// Y func(Y y) { … }
// X x;
// Y y = func(Y(x));

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class X {
public:
  X() { cout << "\n  in X::X()"; }
  ~X() { cout << "\n  in X::~X()"; }
};

class Y {
public:
  // main won't compile if any of these constructors are not defined
  Y() { cout << "\n  in Y::Y()"; }
  Y(const X& x) /* : nothing to initialize */ {
    cout << "\n  in Y::Y(const X& x)";
  }
  Y(const Y& y) /* : nothing to initialize */ {
    cout << "\n  in Y::Y(const Y& y)";
  }
  Y& operator=(const Y& y) {                  // won't be called
    cout << "\n  in Y::operator=(const Y&)"; 
  }
  ~Y() { cout << "\n  in Y::~Y()"; }
}; 

Y func(Y y) {
  cout << "\n  in func(y)";
  cout << "\n  type of my argument is " << typeid(y).name();
  return y;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
  std::cout << "\n  Exam B2 - Question #7 "
            << "\n =======================\n";

  cout << "\n\n-- first statement --";
  Y y;
  func(y);

  cout << "\n\n-- second statement --";
  X x;

  cout << "\n\n-- third statement --";
  Y y2 = func(Y(x));

  //// answer ////////////////////////////////
  //
  //  as shown in the output of this program
  //
  ////////////////////////////////////////////

  cout << "\n\n";
	return 0;
}