///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  types.cpp - demonstrate use of value_type from STL container //
//                                                               //
//  Jim Fawcett, CSE687 - Object Oriented Design, Spring 2001    //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//#pragma warning(disable : 4786)
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

//----< format container display string using typeid() >-------

template <class container>
string display(const container &c) {

  ostringstream dStr;
  dStr << "\n  container type is ";
  string type = typeid(c).name();
  if(type.size() > 55) {
    type.resize(55);
    type += " ...";
  }
  dStr << type;
  dStr << "\n  container size is ";
  dStr << c.size();
  dStr << "\n  container values: ";
  container::const_iterator it;
  for(it=c.begin(); it!=c.end(); it++) {
    dStr << (*it);
    dStr << " ";
  }
  return dStr.str();
}

//----< compute sum of values in an STL container >------------
//
//  Note the use of container::value_type
//
template <class container>
typename container::value_type sumOfContents(const container &c) {

  container::const_iterator it;
  container::value_type sum;
  if(typeid(sum) != (typeid(string)))
    sum = container::value_type(0);
  for(it=c.begin(); it!=c.end(); it++)
    sum += *it;
  return sum;
}

//
//----< extract reference to nth element of container >--------
//
//  - Note use of reference type: value_type&.
//  - Use at(index) for vectors, dequeues, and strings.
//    It's much more efficient.
//
template <class container>
typename container::value_type& getVal(container &c, int index) {

  if(0 > index || index >= c.size())
    throw exception("index domain error in getVal(...)");
  int i;
  container::iterator it = c.begin();
  for(i=0; i<index; i++)
    ++it;
  return (*it);
}

//----< test container operations >----------------------------

void main() {

  cout << "\n  Demonstrate use of container type definitions "
       << "\n ===============================================\n";

  cout << "\n  test container display "
       << "\n ------------------------";

  string strArray[] = { "one", "two", "three" };
  list<string> listStr(&strArray[0],&strArray[3]);
  cout << display(listStr).c_str();
  
  int intArray[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
  vector<int> vecInt(&intArray[0],&intArray[3]);
  cout << display(vecInt).c_str();
  
  double dblArray[] = { 1.0/3.0, 1.0/4.0, 1.0/5.0 };
  set<double> setDbl(&dblArray[0],&dblArray[3]);
  cout << display(setDbl).c_str() << endl;

  cout << "\n  test computing container sum - shows use of type_value"
       << "\n --------------------------------------------------------";
  
  cout << "\n  sum of list of strings = " << sumOfContents(listStr).c_str();
  cout << "\n  sum of vector of ints  = " << sumOfContents(vecInt);
  cout << "\n  sum of set of doubles  = " << sumOfContents(setDbl) << endl;
  
  cout << "\n  test accessing nth element with bounds checking "
       << "\n -------------------------------------------------";

  try {
    cout << "\n  modifying second element:";
    getVal(listStr,1) = "2nd";
    cout << display(listStr).c_str() << endl;

    cout << "\n  attempting to modify the fourth element ";
    getVal(listStr,3) = "4th";
    cout << display(listStr).c_str() << endl;
  }
  catch(exception &e) { cout << "\n  " << e.what() << "\n"; }

  cout << "\n\n";
}