///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Base64.cpp declares class that encodes binary data into a string  //
// ver 2.0    and decodes the string back to binary data             //
//                                                                   //
// Language:    Visual C++, ver 7.1                                  //
// Platfrom:    Dell Dimension 8300, Windows XP, SP1                 //
// Application: CSE687 - Object Oriented Design, Spring 2004         //
// Author:      Jim Fawcett, CST 2-187, Syracuse University          //
//              (315) 443-3948, jfawcett@twcny.rr.com                //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// based on:                                                         //
//*********************************************************************
//* Base64 - a simple base64 encoder and decoder.
//*
//*     Copyright (c) 1999, Bob Withers - bwit@pobox.com
//*
//* This code may be freely used for any purpose, either personal
//* or commercial, provided the authors copyright notice remains
//* intact.
//*********************************************************************

#include "Base64.h"
#include <fstream>

const char          fillchar = '=';

                        // 00000000001111111111222222
                        // 01234567890123456789012345
static std::string  cvt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

                        // 22223333333333444444444455
                        // 67890123456789012345678901
                          "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

                        // 555555556666
                        // 234567890123
                          "0123456789+/";

//
//----< convert vector of bytes to std::string >---------------------

std::string Base64::encode(const std::vector<char>& data)
{
  std::string::size_type  i;
  char               c;
  unsigned int       len = data.size();
  std::string             ret;

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
  {
    c = (data[i] >> 2) & 0x3f;
    ret.append(1, cvt[c]);
    c = (data[i] << 4) & 0x3f;
    if (++i < len)
      c |= (data[i] >> 4) & 0x0f;

    ret.append(1, cvt[c]);
    if (i < len)
    {
      c = (data[i] << 2) & 0x3f;
      if (++i < len)
        c |= (data[i] >> 6) & 0x03;

      ret.append(1, cvt[c]);
    }
    else
    {
      ++i;
      ret.append(1, fillchar);
    }

    if (i < len)
    {
      c = data[i] & 0x3f;
      ret.append(1, cvt[c]);
    }
    else
    {
      ret.append(1, fillchar);
    }
  }

  return(ret);
}
//
//----< convert std::string to vector of bytes >---------------------

std::vector<char> Base64::decode(const std::string& data)
{
  std::string::size_type  i;
  char c;
  char c1;
  std::string::size_type  len = data.length();
  std::vector<char>  ret;

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
  {
    c = (char) cvt.find(data[i]);
    ++i;
    c1 = (char) cvt.find(data[i]);
    c = (c << 2) | ((c1 >> 4) & 0x3);
    ret.push_back(c);
    if (++i < len)
    {
      c = data[i];
      if (fillchar == c)
        break;
      c = (char) cvt.find(c);
      c1 = ((c1 << 4) & 0xf0) | ((c >> 2) & 0xf);
      ret.push_back(c1);
    }
    if (++i < len)
    {
      c1 = data[i];
      if (fillchar == c1)
        break;
      c1 = (char) cvt.find(c1);
      c = ((c << 6) & 0xc0) | c1;
      ret.push_back(c);
    }
  }
  return(ret);
}

//
//----< create encoded string from binary file contents >------------

std::string Base64::encodeFromFile(const std::string& inFileName)
{
  std::ifstream in;
  in.open(inFileName.c_str(),std::ios::binary);
  if(!in.good())
  {
    throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("can't open file ") + inFileName);
  }
  std::vector<char> fBytes;
  while(in.good())
    fBytes.push_back(in.get());
  fBytes.pop_back();
  in.close();

  return Base64::encode(fBytes);
}
//----< create new binary file from encoded string >-----------------

void Base64::decodeToFile(
    const std::string& outFileName, const std::string& encodedString
  )
{
  std::ofstream out;
  out.open(outFileName.c_str(),std::ios::binary);
  if(!out.good())
  {
    throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("can't open file ") + outFileName);
  }
  std::vector<char> fdecodedBytes = Base64::decode(encodedString);

  for(unsigned int i=0; i<fdecodedBytes.size(); ++i)
    out.put(fdecodedBytes[i]);
  out.close();
}

//
#ifdef TEST_BASE64

#include <iostream>
//#include <fstream>

void main()
{
  std::cout << "\n  Demonstrate Base64 Encoding and Decoding "
            << "\n ==========================================\n";

  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // encoding ascii string

  std::string msg
    = "We're not in Kansas anymore, Toto!";

  std::vector<char> vmsg(msg.begin(),msg.end());
  std::string encodedMsg = Base64::encode(vmsg);
  std::vector<char> vdecoded = Base64::decode(encodedMsg);
  std::string decodedMsg(vdecoded.begin(),vdecoded.end());

  std::cout << "\n  original: " << msg;
  std::cout << "\n  encoded:  " << encodedMsg;
  std::cout << "\n  decoded:  " << decodedMsg;
  std::cout << "\n";

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // encoding binary file

  const std::string ifile = "debug\\Base64Encoding.exe";
  const std::string ofile1 = "debug\\temp.dat";
  const std::string ofile2 = "debug\\temp.exe";

  try
  {
    std::cout << "\n  creating encoded string from binary file " 
              << ifile << std::endl;
    std::string encodedString = Base64::encodeFromFile(ifile);
  
    std::string temp(encodedString.begin(), encodedString.begin() + 50);
    std::cout << "\n  First fifty bytes of encoded string:\n  " 
              << temp << "\n";

    std::cout << "\n  writing decoded string to binary file " 
              << ofile2 << "\n";
    Base64::decodeToFile(ofile2,encodedString);

    std::cout << "\n  Use fc to demonstrate that "
              << ifile << "\n  is identical to " << ofile2 << "\n\n";
  }
  catch(std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cout << "\n  " << e.what() << "\n\n";
  }
}

#endif