// MT4Q2

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

// if you use reference counting, then you must create on heap

class Message
{
public:
  Message(const std::string& msg) : msg_(msg), refCount(0) {}
  ~Message() { std::cout << "\n  destroying Message: " << this->toString(); }
  operator std::string& () { return msg_; }
  static Message* makeHeapMessage(const Message& msg)
  {
    Message* pMsg = new Message(msg);
    return pMsg->AddRef();
  }
  Message* AddRef() { ++refCount; return this; }
  Message* Release()
  { 
    if(--refCount == 0)
      delete this;
    return this;
  }
  std::string toString() { return msg_; }
private:
  std::string msg_;
  long refCount;
};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, Message& msg)
{
  std::string temp = msg;
  out << temp.c_str();
  return out;
}

std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Message& msg)
{
  static_cast<std::string&>(msg).clear();
  std::string& temp = msg;
  char ch;
  while(true)
  {
    in.get(ch);
    if(ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || !in.good())
      break;
    temp += ch;
  }
  return in;
}

void main()
{
  Message msg = "msg #1";
  std::cout << "\n  " << msg;

  std::cout << "\n  Please enter message string: ";
  std::cin >> msg;
  std::cout << "  " << msg;

  Message* pMsg1 = Message::makeHeapMessage(Message("a msg"));
  Message* pMsg2 = pMsg1->AddRef();

  std::cout << "\n  " << *pMsg1 << ", " << *pMsg2;
  std::cout.flush();
  pMsg2->Release();
  pMsg1->Release();

  std::cout << "\n\n  Now leaving main\n\n";
}